@article {128,
	title = {Underlying mechanisms of reproductive toxicity caused by multigenerational exposure of 2, bromo-4, 6-dinitroaniline (BDNA) to Zebrafish (Danio rerio) at environmental relevant levels.},
	journal = {Aquat Toxicol},
	volume = {216},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019 Nov},
	pages = {105285},
	abstract = {<p>2-bromo-4, 6-dinitroaniline (BDNA) is a mutagenic aromatic amine involved in the production and degradation of Disperse blue 79, one of the most extensively used brominated azo dyes. In our previous study, a multigenerational exposure of BDNA (0.5, 5, 50 and 500 μg/L) to zebrafish from F adult to F larvae including a recovery group in F larvae was conducted. The effects on apical points observed in individuals and the long-term effects predicted on population were all related to reproduction. In this study, we performed molecular analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the reproductive toxicity of BDNA. In F generation, measurement of vitellogenin and transcription levels of genes associated with hypothalamus-pituitary-gland (HPG) axis, estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) were conducted. There was a decrease in VTG level in the blood of F female fish and transcription of genes related to ER was more affected than that of genes related to AR. These results were consistent with adverse effects that sexual differentiation was biased towards males and fecundity was impaired in a concentration-dependent manner in adults of F generation after 150 days exposure. In F generation, global gene transcriptions of F larvae were investigated. It was uncovered that processes related to apoptosis, development and DNA damage were strongly affected. Alterations to these biological pathways accounted for the irreversible parental influence on a significant decrease in hatchability and increase in abnormality of F larvae. All evidence suggested that the multigenerational exposure of BDNA posed lasting effects transmitted from parents to offspring that persisted after exposure ceased.</p>},
	keywords = {Aniline Compounds, Animals, DNA Damage, Environmental Exposure, Female, Larva, Male, Principal Component Analysis, Reproduction, Toxicity Tests, Transcription, Genetic, Transcriptome, Vitellogenins, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Zebrafish},
	issn = {1879-1514},
	doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105285},
	author = {Xie, Xianyi and Jin, Yaru and Ma, Zhiyuan and Tang, Song and Peng, Hui and Giesy, John P and Liu, Hongling}
}
@article {117,
	title = {Occurrence and source apportionment of sulfonamides and their metabolites in Liaodong Bay and the adjacent Liao River basin, North China.},
	journal = {Environ Toxicol Chem},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011 Jun},
	pages = {1252-60},
	abstract = {<p>The presence of antibiotics in the environment is of great concern because of their potential for resistance selection among pathogens. In the present study we investigated the occurrence of 19 sulfonamides, five N-acetylated sulfonamide metabolites, and trimethoprim in the Liao River basin and adjacent Liaodong Bay, China, as well as 10 human/agricultural source samples. Within the 35 river samples, 12 sulfonamides, four acetylated sulfonamides, and trimethoprim were detected, with the dominant being sulfamethoxazole (66.6 ng/L), N-acetylsulfamethoxazole (63.1 ng/L), trimethoprim (29.0 ng/L), sulfadiazine (14.0 ng/L), and sulfamonomethoxine (8.4 ng/L); within the 36 marine samples, 10 chemicals were detected, with the main contributions from sulfamethoxazole (25.2 ng/L) and N-acetylsulfamethoxazole (28.6 ng/L). Sulfamethoxazole (25.9\%), N-acetylsulfamethoxazole (46.6\%), trimethoprim (22.9\%), and sulfapyridine (1.4\%) were the main chemicals from human sources, while sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethazine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfaguanidine, sulfadiazine, sulfanilamide, and sulfamethoxypyridazine were dominant in the animal husbandry sources, specifically, swine and poultry farms, and sulfamethoxazole (91\%) was dominant in the mariculture source. A principal component analysis with multiple linear regression was performed to evaluate the source apportionment of total sulfonamides in Liaodong Bay. It was found that animal husbandry contributed 15.2\% of total sulfonamides, while human sources contributed 28.5\%, and combined human and mariculture sources contributed 56.3\%. In addition, the mariculture contribution was 24.1\% of total sulfonamides into the sea based on mass flux estimation. The present study is the first report that the environmental levels of sulfonamide metabolites were comparable to the corresponding parents; therefore, we should pay attention to their environmental occurrence. Source apportionment showed human discharge (60.7\%) significantly contributed to these antibiotics in Liaodong Bay, which provides important information for environmental management.</p>},
	keywords = {Agriculture, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Aquaculture, China, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Linear Models, Principal Component Analysis, Rivers, Seawater, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Sulfamethazine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfamethoxypyridazine, Sulfamonomethoxine, Sulfapyridine, Sulfaquinoxaline, Sulfonamides, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Trimethoprim, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Pollution, Chemical},
	issn = {1552-8618},
	doi = {10.1002/etc.508},
	author = {Jia, Ai and Hu, Jianying and Wu, Xiaoqin and Peng, Hui and Wu, Shimin and Dong, Zhaomin}
}
