@article {108,
	title = {Isomer-specific trophic transfer of perfluorocarboxylic acids in the marine food web of Liaodong Bay, North China.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Feb 03},
	pages = {1453-61},
	abstract = {<p>Trophic transfers of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) have been well studied in aquatic food webs; however, most studies examined PFCAs as single compounds without differentiating isomers. In this study, an in-port derivatization GC-MS method was used to determine PFCA (perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA; perfluorononanoic acid, PFNA; perfluorodecanoate acid, PFDA; perfluoroundecanoate acid, PFUnDA; perfluorododecanoate acid, PFDoDA; perfluorotridecanoate acid, PFTriDA, and perfluorotetradecanoate acid, PFTeDA) structural isomers in 11 marine species including benthic invertebrates, fishes, and gulls collected in November 2006 from Liaodong Bay in China. The total concentrations of linear PFCAs were 0.35-1.10, 0.93-2.61, and 2.13-2.69 ng/g ww, and the corresponding percentages of branched PFCAs to linear PFCAs were 6.6-15.5\%, 4.2-9.9\%, and 4.5-6.0\% in invertebrates, fishes, and birds, respectively. Except for linear PFOA, significant positive relationships were found between the concentrations of all the target linear PFCAs and trophic levels, and the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) ranged from 1.90 to 4.88. Positive correlations between the concentrations of branched PFCAs isomers and trophic levels were also observed but were without statistical significance. The relatively high biomagnification of linear isomers of PFCAs would lead to low percentages of branched PFCAs to total PFCAs in organisms at high trophic levels. This study for the first time clarified isomer-specific trophic transfers of PFCAs in a marine food web.</p>},
	keywords = {Animals, Bays, Birds, Carboxylic Acids, China, Environmental Monitoring, Fishes, Fluorocarbons, Food Chain, Invertebrates, Isomerism, Water Pollutants, Chemical},
	issn = {1520-5851},
	doi = {10.1021/es504445x},
	author = {Zhang, Zhong and Peng, Hui and Wan, Yi and Hu, Jianying}
}
@article {119,
	title = {Tissue distribution and maternal transfer of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis): implications for reproductive risk.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010 Mar 01},
	pages = {1868-74},
	abstract = {<p>It is critical to investigate the tissue distribution and maternal transfer of poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in wild fish for assessing potential effects on ecosystems. Concentrations of 23 PFCs in nine organs and egg were measured in 16 17- to 25-year-old female Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis, an anadromous fish), that died during propagation. Three polyfluorinated amides were detected in stomach, intestine, and gills and 7:3 FTCA was specifically accumulated in liver. The greatest total concentration of PFCs in egg was 35.1 +/- 10.4 ng/g ww and was predominated by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorotridecanoate acid (PFTriDA). The longer-chain C(11)-C(14) and C(16) perfluorinated carboxylates were more accumulated in Chinese sturgeon than PFOS, partly due to the increasing trends of PFCAs with fish age. Maternal transfer ratios of PFCs expressed as ratios of concentrations in the egg to those in the liver ranged from 0.79 (perfluorooctanoate) to 5.5 (PFTriDA), depending on their carbon chain lengths or protein-water coefficients. The PFOS equivalent of PFC mixtures, calculated by multiplying the relative potency factor of each PFC to PFOS by the corresponding concentration, ranged from 90.6 to 262 ng/g. The hazard quotient was 0.20, implying potential reproductive effects of PFCs on Chinese sturgeon.</p>},
	keywords = {Alkanesulfonic Acids, Animals, Female, Fertility, Fertilization in Vitro, Fishes, Fluorocarbons, Organ Specificity, Reproduction, Risk Factors, Tissue Distribution},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es903248d},
	author = {Peng, Hui and Wei, Qiwei and Wan, Yi and Giesy, John P and Li, Luoxin and Hu, Jianying}
}
