@article {102,
	title = {Ubiquitous Occurrence of Fluorotelomer Alcohols in Eco-Friendly Paper-Made Food-Contact Materials and Their Implication for Human Exposure.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Jan 19},
	pages = {942-50},
	abstract = {<p>The occurrence of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) was investigated in 94 food-contact materials (FCMs). We detected 6:2 FTOH (\&lt;0.60-1110 ng/g), 8:2 FTOH (\&lt;0.40-8490 ng/g), and 10:2 FTOH (\&lt;0.02-9350 ng/g) in most FCM samples, and four longer-chain C14-20 FTOHs were, for the first time, identified in FCMs with relatively high concentrations (\&lt;0.02-8450 ng/g for 12:2 FTOH, \&lt;0.02-1640 ng/g for 14:2 FTOH, \&lt;0.02-372 ng/g for 16:2 FTOH, and \&lt;0.02-130 ng/g for 18:2 FTOH). There were three typical profiles of FTOHs that were dominated by 6:2 FTOH (95.6 {\textpm} 8.1\% in 9 FCMs), 8:2 FTOH (50.9 {\textpm} 20.8\% in 22 FCMs), and 10:2 FTOH (44.5 {\textpm} 20.9\% in 30 FCMs), indicating the congener-specific usage of FTOHs for different commercial purposes. All nine detectable FCMs produced in the United States were dominated by 6:2 FTOH, which was significantly different from those produced in China. The median concentration of total FTOHs in eco-friendly paper tableware was 2990 ng/g, which was lower than in popcorn bags (18 200 ng/g) but much higher than other FCMs (\&lt;0.55-38.7 ng/g). FTOHs could migrate from paper bowls, with migration efficiencies of 0.004-0.24\% into water, 0.004-0.24\% into 10\% ethanol, 0.009-2.79\% into 30\% ethanol, 0.06-13.0\% into 50\% ethanol (v/v) simulants, and 0.04-2.28\% into oil. Migration efficiencies decreased with increasing carbon chain lengths of FTOHs.</p>},
	keywords = {Alcohols, Biodegradation, Environmental, Fluorocarbons, Food Contamination, Food Packaging, Humans, Paper},
	issn = {1520-5851},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5b03806},
	author = {Yuan, Guanxiang and Peng, Hui and Huang, Chong and Hu, Jianying}
}
