@article {269,
	title = {Identification of environmental and methodological factors driving variability of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) across three wastewater treatment plants in the City of Toronto.},
	journal = {Sci Total Environ},
	volume = {932},
	year = {2024},
	month = {2024 Jul 01},
	pages = {172917},
	abstract = {<p>PMMoV has been widely used to normalize the concentration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to account for variations in the fecal content of wastewater. PMMoV is also used as an internal RNA recovery control for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) tests. While potentially useful for the interpretation of WBE data, previous studies have suggested that PMMoV concentration can be affected by various physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater. There is also the possibility that laboratory methods, particularly the variability in centrifugation steps to remove supernatant from pellets can cause PMMoV variability. The goal of this study is to improve our understanding of the main drivers of PMMoV variability by assessing the relationship between PMMoV concentration, the physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater, and the methodological approach for concentrating wastewater samples. We analyzed 24-hour composite wastewater samples collected from the influent stream of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Samples were collected 3 to 5 times per week starting from the beginning of March 2021 to mid-July 2023. The influent flow rate was used to partition the data into wet and dry weather conditions. Physico-chemical characteristics (e.g., total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), alkalinity, electrical conductivity (EC), and ammonia (NH)) of the raw wastewater were measured, and PMMoV was quantified. Spatial and temporal variability of PMMoV was observed throughout the study period. PMMoV concentration was significantly higher during dry weather conditions. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrates that the number and type of physico-chemical parameters that drive PMMoV variability are site-specific, but overall BOD and alkalinity were the most important predictors. Differences in PMMoV concentration for a single WWTP between two different laboratory methods, along with a weak correlation between pellet mass and TSS using one method may indicate that differences in sample concentration and subjective subsampling bias could alter viral recovery and introduce variability to the data.</p>},
	keywords = {Environmental Monitoring, Ontario, Tobamovirus, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Wastewater},
	issn = {1879-1026},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172917},
	author = {Goitom, Eyerusalem and Ariano, Sarah and Gilbride, Kim and Yang, Minqing Ivy and Edwards, Elizabeth A and Peng, Hui and Dannah, Nora and Farahbakhsh, Farnaz and Hataley, Eden and Sarvi, Hooman and Sun, Jianxian and Waseem, Hassan and Oswald, Claire}
}
@article {111,
	title = {Trophic transfer of dechloranes in the marine food web of Liaodong Bay, north China.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 May 20},
	pages = {5458-66},
	abstract = {<p>Dechloranes are of particular concern because of their ubiquity in environmental matrices, but little is known about their trophic transfer in aquatic food web. This study investigated the trophic transfer of seven dechloranes in a marine food web from Liaodong Bay, China. Dechloranes were determined in sediments and 15 marine species including benthic invertebrates, fish and gulls collected from Liaodong Bay. Biomagnification factors (BMFTL) of dechloranes in black-headed gulls were calculated to be 6.4, 1.7, 0.45, 0.36, 0.14, and 0.11 for mirex, Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602), Dechlorane 603 (Dec 603), antiundecachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (anti-Cl11DP), syn-dechlorane plus (syn-DP), and anti-DP. Significantly positive relationships were found between lipid equivalent concentrations of mirex, Dec 602, and anti-Cl11DP and trophic levels, and the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were 13, 3.7, and 5.6, respectively, indicating that these compounds undergo trophic magnification in the aquatic food web. Lipid equivalent concentrations of Dec 603 and DP isomers did not exhibit a statistically significant correlation with trophic levels. The relatively low trophic magnification potentials of Dec 603 and DP isomers were possibly due to their extreme hydrophobicity (logKOW: 11.2-11.3) and subsequent low bioavailabilities compared with mirex (7.0), Dec 602 (8.1) and anti-Cl11DP. The results provided important information for understanding the ecological risk of dechloranes.</p>},
	keywords = {Animals, Aquatic Organisms, Bays, Charadriiformes, China, Environmental Monitoring, Fishes, Food Chain, Geologic Sediments, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, Invertebrates, Ontario, Regression Analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical},
	issn = {1520-5851},
	doi = {10.1021/es500229y},
	author = {Peng, Hui and Wan, Yi and Zhang, Kun and Sun, Jianxian and Hu, Jianying}
}
