@article {88,
	title = {Simultaneous determination of (N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol)-based phosphate diester and triester and their biotransformation to perfluorooctanesulfonate in freshwater sediments.},
	journal = {Environ Pollut},
	volume = {234},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Mar},
	pages = {821-829},
	abstract = {<p>While (N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol)-based phosphates (SAmPAPs) have been proposed as a group of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) precursors, investigation of their occurrence and fate has been limited to SAmPAP diester. In this study, SAmPAP diester and triester were simultaneously determined in freshwater sediment from Taihu Lake using a newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method, and their biotransformation to PFOS in lake sediment was investigated. SAmPAP diester and triester were detected in sediments with a detection frequency of 56\% and 88\%, and their mean concentrations were 0.24\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;0.11\&nbsp;ng/g dry weight (dw) and 0.12\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;0.03\&nbsp;ng/g dw, respectively. The SAmPAP diester/triester ratio in sediment was 1.1\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;4.2, much lower than that (6.7) observed in the technical product, and the positive correlation was found between the concentrations of SAmPAP diester and PFOS in sediments (r\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.45, p\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.01), suggesting that SAmPAP diester would be biotransformed to PFOS in the lake sediment. The microbial degradation test in the lake sediments further clarified that SAmPAP diester was biodegraded to PFOS, but SAmPAP triester was highly recalcitrant to microbial degradation. This study suggests that the occurrence of SAmPAP diester in freshwater lake sediments may be an important precursor of PFOS.</p>},
	keywords = {Alkanesulfonic Acids, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Biotransformation, China, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Geologic Sediments, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Lakes, Organophosphates, Sulfonamides, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Water Pollutants, Chemical},
	issn = {1873-6424},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.021},
	author = {Zhang, Shiyi and Peng, Hui and Mu, Di and Zhao, Haoqi and Hu, Jianying}
}
@article {106,
	title = {Levels of Phthalate Metabolites in Urine of Pregnant Women and Risk of Clinical Pregnancy Loss.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Sep 01},
	pages = {10651-7},
	abstract = {<p>Toxicological studies have shown that phthalate esters (PAEs), a class of widely used and environmentally prevalent chemicals, can increase the abortion rate in animals, but epidemiological evidence is scarce. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the urinary concentration of phthalate metabolites and the risk of clinical pregnancy loss. A total of 132 women who underwent clinical pregnancy loss (cases) and 172 healthy pregnant women (controls) were recruited from Beijing, China. Eight phthalate metabolites in urine were determined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Five phthalate metabolites, monomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono(2-ethlyhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), were detected in at least 95\% of the urine samples, with the highest median concentration of 51.0 μg/g of creatinine for MnBP of all participants. The differences in urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites between cases and controls were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. The concentrations of MEP (median of 18.7 μg/g of creatinine), MiBP (23.3 μg/g of creatinine), and MnBP (58.2 μg/g of creatinine) detected in the cases were significantly higher than those (15.7 μg/g of creatinine for MEP, 19.4 μg/g of creatinine for MiBP, and 43.9 μg/g of creatinine for MnBP) in the controls (p \&lt; 0.05). Increasing risks of clinical pregnancy loss were observed from the first to fourth quartiles of the MEP, MiBP, and MnBP concentrations (p \&lt; 0.05 for trend). We concluded that exposure to MEP, MiBP, and MnBP was associated with an increased risk of clinical pregnancy loss.</p>},
	keywords = {Adult, Beijing, Case-Control Studies, Embryo Loss, Environmental Monitoring, Esters, Female, Humans, Metabolome, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Phthalic Acids, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Young Adult},
	issn = {1520-5851},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5b02617},
	author = {Mu, Di and Gao, Fumei and Fan, Zhanlan and Shen, Huan and Peng, Hui and Hu, Jianying}
}
