@article {91,
	title = {Detection, Occurrence, and Fate of Fluorotelomer Alcohols in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 Aug 15},
	pages = {8953-8961},
	abstract = {<p>Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are the most well-known precursors of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), but limited information is available on their occurrence and fate in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The occurrence of FTOHs was investigated in influent, secondary effluent, and sludge of 12 municipal WWTPs in nine cities of China. FTOHs were detected in all WWTPs, and 8:2 FTOH was the predominant congener, with concentrations of 2.10-11.0 ng/L, 3.05-12.4 ng/L, and 0.36-1.91 ng/g dry weight in the influent, secondary effluent, and sludge, respectively. Relatively high proportions of long-chain FTOHs (C) were mainly detected in sludge samples. The mass balance of FTOHs and PFCAs in one of the WWTPs with an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process was further explored. The decrease of mass loads was observed for 4:2 FTOH (mass change percentage: 21 {\textpm} 3.3\%), 8:2 FTOH (22 {\textpm} 1.5\%), and 10:2 FTOH (29 {\textpm} 7.3\%) through aerobic treatment, while the increase of mass loads was observed for 12 PFCAs from 18 {\textpm} 16\% (perfluorononanoic acid) to 165 {\textpm} 15\% (perfluorobutyric acid)), suggesting the potential biotransformation of FTOHs to PFCAs in the aerobic unit. This work provides the first report on the occurrence of FTOHs in sludge samples of municipal WWTPs and their mass balance and highlights a new emission route to environment via WWTPs.</p>},
	keywords = {Alcohols, China, Cities, Fluorocarbons, Sewage, Waste Water},
	issn = {1520-5851},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.7b00315},
	author = {Chen, Hongrui and Peng, Hui and Yang, Min and Hu, Jianying and Zhang, Yu}
}
@article {116,
	title = {Simultaneous determination of mono- and disubstituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphates in drinking water by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.},
	journal = {J Chromatogr A},
	volume = {1227},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Mar 02},
	pages = {245-52},
	abstract = {<p>A sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the simultaneous determination of five monosubstituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (monoPAPs) and eight disubstituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (diPAPs) in drinking water. Complete separation and good retention for 13 polyfluoroalkyls phosphates (PAPs) were achieved with a Waters ACUITY UPLC BEH C8 column using a mixture of methanol/water containing 0.1\% NH$_{4}$OH as the mobile phases. Extraction of drinking water samples was performed on weak anion exchange (WAX) cartridges, and the recoveries of target compounds were from 65 to 110\%. The limits of quantization (LOQs) for 13 analytes were in the range of 0.4-40 ng/L. This method was applied to analyze the PAPs in drinking water samples from three cities in China. Of the 13 PAPs, six PAPs including 6:2 monoPAP (13.0 ng/L), 8:2 monoPAP (3.6 ng/L), 10:1 monoPAP (4.3-70.3 ng/L), 10:2 monoPAP (1.4-5.6 ng/L), 8:2 diPAP (0.10 ng/L), and 10:1 diPAP (0.8-3.8 ng/L) were detected.</p>},
	keywords = {China, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Drinking Water, Fluorocarbons, Phosphates, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Solid Phase Extraction, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Water Pollutants, Chemical},
	issn = {1873-3778},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.004},
	author = {Ding, Huanhuan and Peng, Hui and Yang, Min and Hu, Jianying}
}
