@article {130,
	title = {Toxicokinetics of Brominated Azo Dyes in the Early Life Stages of Zebrafish () Is Prone to Aromatic Substituent Changes.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 04 07},
	pages = {4421-4431},
	abstract = {<p>Brominated azo dyes (BADs) have been identified as predominant indoor brominated pollutants in daycare dust; thus, their potential health risk to children is of concern. However, the toxicities of BADs remain elusive. In this study, the toxicokinetics of two predominant BADs, Disperse Blue 373 (DB373) and Disperse Violet 93 (DV93), and their suspect metabolite 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline (BDNA) was investigated in embryos of zebrafish (). The bioconcentration factor of DV93 at 120 hpf is 6.2-fold lower than that of DB373. The nontarget analysis revealed distinct metabolism routes between DB373 and DV93 by reducing nitro groups to nitroso (DB373) or amine (DV93), despite their similar structures. NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase were predicted as the enzymes responsible for the reduction of DB373 and DV93 by correlating time courses of the metabolites and enzyme development. Further in vitro recombinant enzyme and in vivo inhibition results validated NQO1 as the enzyme specifically reducing DB373, but not DV93. Global proteome profiling revealed that the expression levels of proteins from the "apoptosis-induced DNA fragmentation" pathway were significantly upregulated by all three BADs, supporting the bioactivation of BADs to mutagenic aromatic amines. This study discovered the bioactivation of BADs via distinct eukaryotic enzymes, implying their potential health risks.</p>},
	keywords = {Animals, Azo Compounds, Child, Dust, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Humans, Mutagens, Toxicokinetics, Zebrafish},
	issn = {1520-5851},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.9b07178},
	author = {Han, Jiajun and Yang, Diwen and Hall, David Ross and Liu, Jiabao and Sun, Jianxian and Gu, Wen and Tang, Song and Alharbi, Hattan A and Jones, Paul D and Krause, Henry M and Peng, Hui}
}
@article {94,
	title = {Response to Comment on "Mutagenic Azo Dyes, Rather than Flame Retardants, are the Predominant Brominated Compounds in House Dust".},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 03 21},
	pages = {3591-3592},
	keywords = {Air Pollution, Indoor, Azo Compounds, Dust, Environmental Exposure, Flame Retardants, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers, Hydrocarbons, Brominated, Mutagens},
	issn = {1520-5851},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.7b00675},
	author = {Peng, Hui and Saunders, David M V and Jones, Paul D and Giesy, John P}
}
@article {95,
	title = {Mutagenic Azo Dyes, Rather Than Flame Retardants, Are the Predominant Brominated Compounds in House Dust.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 12 06},
	pages = {12669-12677},
	abstract = {<p>Characterization of toxicological profiles by use of traditional targeted strategies might underestimate the risk of environmental mixtures. Unbiased identification of prioritized compounds provides a promising strategy for meeting regulatory needs. In this study, untargeted screening of brominated compounds in house dust was conducted using a data-independent precursor isolation and characteristic fragment (DIPIC-Frag) approach, which used data-independent acquisition (DIA) and a chemometric strategy to detect peaks and align precursor ions. A total of 1008 brominated compound peaks were identified in 23 house dust samples. Precursor ions and formulas were identified for 738 (73\%) of the brominated compounds. A correlation matrix was used to cluster brominated compounds; three large groups were found for the 140 high-abundance brominated compounds, and only 24 (17\%) of these compounds were previously known flame retardants. The predominant class of unknown brominated compounds was predicted to consist of nitrogen-containing compounds. Following further validation by authentic standards, these compounds (56\%) were determined to be novel brominated azo dyes. The mutagenicity of one major component was investigated, and mutagenicity was observed at environmentally relevant concentrations. Results of this study demonstrated the existence of numerous unknown brominated compounds in house dust, with mutagenic azo dyes unexpectedly being identified as the predominant compounds.</p>},
	keywords = {Azo Compounds, Dust, Flame Retardants, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers, Hydrocarbons, Brominated, Mutagens},
	issn = {1520-5851},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.6b03954},
	author = {Peng, Hui and Saunders, David M V and Sun, Jianxian and Jones, Paul D and Wong, Chris K C and Liu, Hongling and Giesy, John P}
}
