@article {88,
	title = {Simultaneous determination of (N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol)-based phosphate diester and triester and their biotransformation to perfluorooctanesulfonate in freshwater sediments.},
	journal = {Environ Pollut},
	volume = {234},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Mar},
	pages = {821-829},
	abstract = {<p>While (N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol)-based phosphates (SAmPAPs) have been proposed as a group of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) precursors, investigation of their occurrence and fate has been limited to SAmPAP diester. In this study, SAmPAP diester and triester were simultaneously determined in freshwater sediment from Taihu Lake using a newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method, and their biotransformation to PFOS in lake sediment was investigated. SAmPAP diester and triester were detected in sediments with a detection frequency of 56\% and 88\%, and their mean concentrations were 0.24\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;0.11\&nbsp;ng/g dry weight (dw) and 0.12\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;0.03\&nbsp;ng/g dw, respectively. The SAmPAP diester/triester ratio in sediment was 1.1\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;4.2, much lower than that (6.7) observed in the technical product, and the positive correlation was found between the concentrations of SAmPAP diester and PFOS in sediments (r\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.45, p\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.01), suggesting that SAmPAP diester would be biotransformed to PFOS in the lake sediment. The microbial degradation test in the lake sediments further clarified that SAmPAP diester was biodegraded to PFOS, but SAmPAP triester was highly recalcitrant to microbial degradation. This study suggests that the occurrence of SAmPAP diester in freshwater lake sediments may be an important precursor of PFOS.</p>},
	keywords = {Alkanesulfonic Acids, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Biotransformation, China, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Geologic Sediments, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Lakes, Organophosphates, Sulfonamides, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Water Pollutants, Chemical},
	issn = {1873-6424},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.021},
	author = {Zhang, Shiyi and Peng, Hui and Mu, Di and Zhao, Haoqi and Hu, Jianying}
}
@article {102,
	title = {Ubiquitous Occurrence of Fluorotelomer Alcohols in Eco-Friendly Paper-Made Food-Contact Materials and Their Implication for Human Exposure.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Jan 19},
	pages = {942-50},
	abstract = {<p>The occurrence of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) was investigated in 94 food-contact materials (FCMs). We detected 6:2 FTOH (\&lt;0.60-1110 ng/g), 8:2 FTOH (\&lt;0.40-8490 ng/g), and 10:2 FTOH (\&lt;0.02-9350 ng/g) in most FCM samples, and four longer-chain C14-20 FTOHs were, for the first time, identified in FCMs with relatively high concentrations (\&lt;0.02-8450 ng/g for 12:2 FTOH, \&lt;0.02-1640 ng/g for 14:2 FTOH, \&lt;0.02-372 ng/g for 16:2 FTOH, and \&lt;0.02-130 ng/g for 18:2 FTOH). There were three typical profiles of FTOHs that were dominated by 6:2 FTOH (95.6 {\textpm} 8.1\% in 9 FCMs), 8:2 FTOH (50.9 {\textpm} 20.8\% in 22 FCMs), and 10:2 FTOH (44.5 {\textpm} 20.9\% in 30 FCMs), indicating the congener-specific usage of FTOHs for different commercial purposes. All nine detectable FCMs produced in the United States were dominated by 6:2 FTOH, which was significantly different from those produced in China. The median concentration of total FTOHs in eco-friendly paper tableware was 2990 ng/g, which was lower than in popcorn bags (18 200 ng/g) but much higher than other FCMs (\&lt;0.55-38.7 ng/g). FTOHs could migrate from paper bowls, with migration efficiencies of 0.004-0.24\% into water, 0.004-0.24\% into 10\% ethanol, 0.009-2.79\% into 30\% ethanol, 0.06-13.0\% into 50\% ethanol (v/v) simulants, and 0.04-2.28\% into oil. Migration efficiencies decreased with increasing carbon chain lengths of FTOHs.</p>},
	keywords = {Alcohols, Biodegradation, Environmental, Fluorocarbons, Food Contamination, Food Packaging, Humans, Paper},
	issn = {1520-5851},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5b03806},
	author = {Yuan, Guanxiang and Peng, Hui and Huang, Chong and Hu, Jianying}
}
