@article {88,
	title = {Simultaneous determination of (N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol)-based phosphate diester and triester and their biotransformation to perfluorooctanesulfonate in freshwater sediments.},
	journal = {Environ Pollut},
	volume = {234},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Mar},
	pages = {821-829},
	abstract = {<p>While (N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol)-based phosphates (SAmPAPs) have been proposed as a group of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) precursors, investigation of their occurrence and fate has been limited to SAmPAP diester. In this study, SAmPAP diester and triester were simultaneously determined in freshwater sediment from Taihu Lake using a newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method, and their biotransformation to PFOS in lake sediment was investigated. SAmPAP diester and triester were detected in sediments with a detection frequency of 56\% and 88\%, and their mean concentrations were 0.24\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;0.11\&nbsp;ng/g dry weight (dw) and 0.12\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;0.03\&nbsp;ng/g dw, respectively. The SAmPAP diester/triester ratio in sediment was 1.1\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;4.2, much lower than that (6.7) observed in the technical product, and the positive correlation was found between the concentrations of SAmPAP diester and PFOS in sediments (r\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.45, p\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;0.01), suggesting that SAmPAP diester would be biotransformed to PFOS in the lake sediment. The microbial degradation test in the lake sediments further clarified that SAmPAP diester was biodegraded to PFOS, but SAmPAP triester was highly recalcitrant to microbial degradation. This study suggests that the occurrence of SAmPAP diester in freshwater lake sediments may be an important precursor of PFOS.</p>},
	keywords = {Alkanesulfonic Acids, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Biotransformation, China, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Geologic Sediments, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Lakes, Organophosphates, Sulfonamides, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Water Pollutants, Chemical},
	issn = {1873-6424},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.021},
	author = {Zhang, Shiyi and Peng, Hui and Mu, Di and Zhao, Haoqi and Hu, Jianying}
}
@article {104,
	title = {p,p{\textquoteright}-DDE Induces Gonadal Intersex in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations: Comparison with o,p{\textquoteright}-DDT.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Jan 05},
	pages = {462-9},
	abstract = {<p>Previous studies have reported high body burdens of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites in wild fishes worldwide. This study evaluated the adverse effects of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p{\textquoteright}-DDE) and o,p{\textquoteright}-DDT on gonadal development and reproduction by exposing transgenic Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) from hatch for 100 days. While both p,p{\textquoteright}-DDE and o,p{\textquoteright}-DDT induced intersex in male medaka, the lowest observable effective concentration (LOEC) of o,p{\textquoteright}-DDT was 57.7 ng/g ww, about 5-fold lower than that (272 ng/g ww) of p,p{\textquoteright}-DDE. Since LOECs of both chemicals were comparable to the body concentrations in wild fish, DDT contamination would likely contribute to the occurrence of intersex observed in wild fish. Exposure to o,p{\textquoteright}-DDT resulted in much higher expression of vitellogenin in liver of males than p,p{\textquoteright}-DDE, accordant with the higher potency of o,p{\textquoteright}-DDT than p,p{\textquoteright}-DDE to induce intersex. This phenomenon could be partly explained by the significantly elevated levels of 17β-estradiol in plasma of males exposed to o,p{\textquoteright}-DDT, in addition to its estrogenic activity via the estrogen receptor. Significantly lower fertilization (p = 0.006) and hatchability (p = 0.019) were observed in the 13 intersex males. This study for the first time demonstrated the induction of intersex and reproductive effects of p,p{\textquoteright}-DDE and o,p{\textquoteright}-DDT at environmentally relevant concentrations.</p>},
	keywords = {Animals, DDT, Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene, Disorders of Sex Development, Estradiol, Gonads, Male, Oryzias, Vitellogenins, Water Pollutants, Chemical},
	issn = {1520-5851},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5b05042},
	author = {Sun, Jianxian and Wang, Chen and Peng, Hui and Zheng, Guomao and Zhang, Shiyi and Hu, Jianying}
}
